Nkọwa zuru oke nke ihe owuwu truss buru ibu1

Steel ụlọ bụ ihe kemgwucha-eri-irè na vasatail ngwọta maka ulo oru na niile industries.Mgbe eji ígwè Ọdịdị ụlọ dị ka ígwè Ọdịdị nkwakọba na ígwè etiti ụlọ, anyị kwesịkwara ịghọta ihe na-emetụta ígwè Ọdịdị ihe.

1. Chemical mejupụtara

• Carbon:isi akụkụ nke ike ígwè. Ọdịnaya carbon na-aga n'ihu, nchara ike na-aga n'ihu, mana yana plasticity nke ígwè, nguzogide, ọrụ na-ehulata oyi, weldability na iguzogide nchara na corrosion nwere ike belata, karịsịa na obere okpomọkụ n'okpuru mmetụta nguzogide ga-ebelata.
• Manganese na silicon:ihe ndị dị mma na ígwè, bụ deoxidizers, nwere ike imeziwanye ike, ma ọ bụghị nke ukwuu plasticity na mmetụta nkwụsị.
• Vanadium, niobium, titanium:alloying ọcha na ígwè, ma iji melite ike nke ígwè, kamakwa iji nọgide na-enwe pụrụ iche plasticity, iguzogide.
• Aluminom:deoxidizer siri ike, ya na aluminom iji mebie maka deoxidation, nwere ike ibelata oxides na-emerụ ahụ na ígwè.
• Chromium na nickel:alloying ọcha iji melite ike nke ígwè.
• Sulfur na phosphorus:adịghị ọcha fọdụrụ na ígwè n'oge mgbatị ahụ, ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ. Ha na-ebelata plasticity, nguzogide, weldability na ike ike ọgwụgwụ nke ígwè. Sulfur nwere ike ime nchara "na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ", phosphorus na-eme ka ígwè "oyi na-agbaji."
• "Ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ":sọlfọ nwere ike igbaze dị mfe iron sulfide, mgbe na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na ịgbado ọkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ ruo 800 ~ 1000 ℃, nke mere na ígwè na-eweta cracks, kenkuwa anya.
• "Oyi na-agbaji":na obere okpomọkụ, phosphorus na-eme ka nguzogide mmetụta nchara belata nke ukwuu na ihe omume ahụ.
• Oxygen na nitrogen:adịghị emerụ ahụ na ígwè. Oxygen nwere ike ime ka ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nitrogen nwere ike ime ka ígwè na-ajụ oyi.

2. Mmetụta nke metallurgical shortcomings

Ihe ndọghachi azụ nke metallurgical a na-ahụkarị gụnyere nkewa, admixture na-abụghị ọla, porosity, cracks, delamination, wdg, nke niile na-emebi ọrụ ígwè.

3. Steel hardening

Oyi osise, oyi ekwe ekwe, ọkpọ ọkpọ, n'ibu shiee na ndị ọzọ oyi na-arụ ọrụ nke mere na nchara nwere nnukwu plastic deformation, wee melite mkpụrụ n'ókè nke ígwè, ọnụ na mbelata na plasticity na iguzogide ígwè, a na onu a maara dị ka. oyi hardening ma ọ bụ nsogbu hardening.

4, mmetụta okpomọkụ

Steel na-enwe mmetụta n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na okpomọkụ, ma mmụba na mbelata na okpomọkụ na-akpata mgbanwe na ọrụ ígwè. N'ụzọ dị iche, ọrụ okpomọkụ dị ala nke ígwè dị mkpa karị.

N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị mma, ihe na-emekarị bụ ịgbaso ịrị elu nke okpomọkụ, ike ígwè na-ebelata, nrụrụ na-abawanye. Banyere 200 ℃ n'ime ígwè ọrụ anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, 430 ~ 540 ℃ n'etiti ike (mkpụrụ ike na tensile ike) a nkọ ọdịda; na 600 ℃ mgbe ike dị nnọọ ala enweghị ike iburu ibu ahụ.

Na mgbakwunye, 250 ℃ n'akụkụ ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ kenkuwa, ihe dị ka 260 ~ 320 ℃ mgbe enwere ihe na-akpụ akpụ.