Otu esi egbochi nchara na corrosion na nhazi ígwè

Steel Ọdịdị nke injinia ụlọa maara dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọrụ nke narị afọ nke 21, ígwè Ọdịdị nwere ọtụtụ uru dị ka ike dị elu, ike loading ikike, ìhè arọ, obere olu nke ohere nwere, mfe mmepụta na ntinye nke components, na-azọpụta osisi, wdg, ya mere, ọ bụ. a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ obodo. Ụlọ ihe owuwu ígwè na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ígwè dị n'ebe niile.

Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ, nchara nchara na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-adịghị mma na nchara na corrosion na okwu ndị ọzọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ pụta, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ aghọwo nsogbu a ma ama!

Corrosion nke ígwè Ọdịdị ọ bụghị nanị na-akpata akụ na ụba na-efunahụ, ma na-ewetakwa zoro ezo ize ndụ na nchekwa nke Ọdịdị, na engineering ihe mberede kpatara nchara corrosion bụ ihe nkịtị, otú mgbochi corrosion ọgwụgwọ nke ígwè Ọdịdị (karịsịa mkpa-walled ígwè components) bụ. nke nnukwu mkpa akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ndị na-esonụ bụ ụfọdụ mmeghe na mkparịta ụka banyere nsogbu ndị dị na usoro ihe owuwu na ụfọdụ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ.

1. Isi ihe na-akpata corrosion nke ụlọ ígwè

Mgbochi nchara nchara na-amalite site n'ịghọta ihe na-akpata nchara nchara.

1.1 Usoro corrosion nke ígwè na ụlọ okpomọkụ (n'okpuru 100 ° C)

Corrosion nke ígwè na ụlọ okpomọkụ bụ tumadi electrochemical corrosion. A na-eji ihe owuwu ígwè eme ihe na ikuku na okpomọkụ nke ụlọ, na ígwè na-emebi emebi site na omume nke mmiri, oxygen na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ ihe (slag na-adịghị ọcha nke ịgbado ọkụ, nchara oyi akwa, unyi elu) na ikuku. Igwe iru mmiri nke ikuku dị n'okpuru 60%, nrụrụ nke ígwè dị ntakịrị; ma mgbe iru mmiri dị n'akụkụ na-abawanye na uru ụfọdụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion nke ígwè na-ebili na mberede, a na-akpọkwa uru a dị oke egwu. N'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, nchara nchara dị oke egwu nke 60% ruo 70%.

Mgbe ikuku na-emerụ ma ọ bụ nnu na ikuku na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, oke iru mmiri dị oke ala, nchara nchara dị mfe ịmepụta ihe nkiri mmiri. N'oge a, ịgbado ọkụ slag na untreated ajari oyi akwa (ígwè oxide) dị ka cathode, ígwè Ọdịdị components (isi ihe) dị ka anode na mmiri film electrochemical corrosion. Igwe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi n'elu ígwè iji mepụta ihe nkiri mmiri bụ ihe na-ekpebi ihe na-eme ka nchara ígwè; oke iru mmiri nke ikuku na ọdịnaya nke mmetọ bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ogo corrosion ikuku.

1.2 corrosion usoro nke ígwè na elu okpomọkụ (n'elu 100 ℃)

Nbibi nke ígwè na okpomọkụ dị elu na-abụkarị corrosion kemịkal. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu, mmiri dị na steeti gas, mmetụta electrochemical dị ntakịrị, belata na ihe nke abụọ. Metal na akọrọ gas (dị ka O2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, wdg) kọntaktị, elu ọgbọ nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ ogige (chlorides, sulfides, oxides), e guzobere chemical corrosion nke ígwè.

2 Ụzọ nchebe megide corrosion nke ihe owuwu ígwè

Dị ka ụkpụrụ electrochemical nke ígwè corrosion si dị, ọ bụrụhaala na a na-egbochi ma ọ bụ mebie batrị corrosion ma ọ bụ na-egbochi usoro cathodic na anodic siri ike, a ga-egbochi mmebi nke ígwè. Iji usoro oyi akwa mkpuchi iji gbochie mmebi nke nchara nchara bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị ugbu a, oyi akwa mkpuchi a na-ejikarị nwere ụdị ndị a:

2.1 Igwe nchekwa igwe: metal echebe oyi akwa bụ a metal ma ọ bụ alloy na cathodic ma ọ bụ anodic mmetụta nchebe, site electroplating, ịgba plating, chemical plating, na-ekpo ọkụ plating na seepage plating na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, mkpa iji chebe metal elu na-etolite a metal nchebe oyi akwa (ihe nkiri). iji kewapụ ígwè ahụ site na ihe na-emebi emebi na kọntaktị na ihe na-emebi emebi, ma ọ bụ iji mmetụta nchebe nke electrochemical nke nchebe ígwè, ka ọ ghara igbochi corrosion.

2.2 oyi akwa mkpuchi: site na usoro kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ electrochemical iji mee ka elu igwe na-emepụta ihe nkiri ihe na-eguzogide corrosion, iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na kọntaktị metal, iji gbochie mmebi nke ígwè.

2.3 Igwe nchekwa na-abụghị ọla: na agba, plastik, enamel na ihe ndị ọzọ, site na eserese na spraying na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, na-emepụta ihe nkiri nchebe n'elu ígwè ahụ, nke mere na ígwè na mgbasa ozi corrosive na-ekewapụ, iji gbochie mmebi nke ígwè ahụ. .

3. Ngwọta elu igwe

Nhazi ígwè na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ihu, elu nke ihe ndị ahụ ga-abụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na mmanụ, mmiri, ájá na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ, yana ọnụnọ nke burrs, ígwè oxide, nchara oyi akwa na ntụpọ ndị ọzọ. Site na isi ihe ndị gara aga maka corrosion nke nchara nchara, anyị maara na ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ogo corrosion nke ikuku, na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ n'elu ga-emetụta nke ọma na adhesion nke mkpuchi n'elu ígwè, na-eme ka agba agba. ihe nkiri n'okpuru corrosion na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, na-ebute ọdịda mkpuchi ma ọ bụ mmebi, na-enweghị ike nweta mmetụta nchebe achọrọ. Ya mere, àgwà nke ọgwụgwọ elu ígwè na mmetụta nchebe nke mkpuchi na ndụ nke mmetụta, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna karịa mkpuchi n'onwe ya iche iche nke arụmọrụ dị iche iche na mmetụta nke akụkụ ndị a kwesịrị imesi ike:

3.1. Maka ihe ndị na-ebu ibu nke siri ike ịrụzi n'oge oge ọrụ, ọkwa nkwụsịtụ kwesịrị ịbawanye nke ọma.

3.2. Tupu na mgbe ewepụchara, griiz, burr, akpụkpọ anụ ọgwụ, splash na iron oxide kwesịrị iji nlezianya kpochapụ.

3.3. mma nnabata nke descaling na eserese ọrụ ga-dị ka iwu.

4.Anti-corrosion mkpuchi

Ihe mkpuchi mgbochi corrosion na-abụkarị nke primer na uwe elu. Primer na ntụ ntụ karịa, ihe na-erughị ala, ihe nkiri siri ike, ọrụ nke primer bụ ime ihe nkiri agba na ọkwa ahịhịa-mgbọrọgwụ na nchikota topcoat nke siri ike, ya bụ, inwe ezigbo adhesion; primer nwere corrosion na-egbochi pigmenti, nwere ike igbochi ihe omume nke corrosion, ụfọdụ nwekwara ike ịbụ passivation nke metal na electrochemical nchebe iji gbochie metal si nchara. The topcoat bụ obere ntụ ntụ, ihe isi ihe, mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ na-egbuke egbuke, ọrụ bụ isi bụ iji chebe obere oyi akwa nke primer, n'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụ ihe na-adịghị mma na ikuku na iru mmiri, ma nwee ike iguzogide ire ere anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal. nke ihu igwe kpatara. Ihe na-eme ugbu a bụ iji resins sịntetik na-emeziwanye nguzogide ihu igwe nke ọkara. Ihe mkpuchi mgbochi corrosion nwere nguzogide ikuku na-adịkarị naanị na-eguzogide corrosion akụkụ vapor na ikuku. Maka ebe ndị acid na alkalis na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-emebi, a ghaghị iji mkpuchi acid na alkali na-eguzogide ọgwụ.

Mgbochi corrosion agba dị ka ọrụ nchebe nwere ike kewaa n'ime primer, n'etiti agba na n'elu uwe, onye ọ bụla oyi akwa nke agba nwere àgwà nke ya, onye ọ bụla na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke ya, Nchikota nke n'ígwé, guzobe a mejupụtara mkpuchi ka melite arụmọrụ mgbochi corrosion, mee ka ndụ ọrụ dịkwuo ogologo.

4.1 ndị mbụ

Akpa oyi akwa a na-ejikarị mgbochi corrosion mkpuchi bụ zinc-ọgaranya primer na epoxy iron-red primer, zinc-ọgaranya agba bụ nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke micro-fine zinc ntụ ntụ na obere ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Ngwongwo electrochemical nke Zinc dị elu karịa nke ígwè, na mgbe ọ na-adaba na corrosion, ọ na-enwe mmetụta "àjà onwe onye", nke mere na a na-echebe ígwè ahụ. Ngwaahịa corrosion zinc oxide na-ejupụta pores ma mee ka mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo oke. A na-ejikarị zinc bara ụba primer nwere ụdị atọ ndị a:

(1) iko mmiri inorganic zinc-ọgaranya primer, ọ bụ iko mmiri dị ka isi ihe, tinye zinc ntụ ntụ, ịgwakọta na brushing, mgbe ọgwụgwọ na-rinsed mmiri, na-ewu usoro bụ mgbagwoju anya, siri ike usoro ọnọdụ, elu ọgwụgwọ ga- na-na Sa2.5 ma ọ bụ karịa, na mgbakwunye na okpomọkụ ambient, iru mmiri chọrọ, e guzobere ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri dị mfe cracking, peeling, na a na-adịkarịghị eji.

(2) soluble inorganic zinc-ọgaranya primer, primer na-adabere na ethyl orthosilicate, mmanya dị ka ihe mgbaze, polymerization akụkụ nke hydrolyzed, tinye zinc ntụ ntụ gwakọtara ọbụna ihe nkiri.

(3) zinc-ọgaranya primer, ọ bụ epoxy resin dị ka ihe nkiri na-akpụ isi ihe, na-agbakwunye zinc ntụ ntụ, na-agwọta na-etolite mkpuchi. Epoxy zinc-ọgaranya primer bụghị nanị magburu onwe anticorrosion Njirimara, na ike adhesion, na na-esote mkpuchi epoxy ígwè-ígwé ojii agba bụ ezigbo adhesion ụdị. tumadi eji na izugbe ikuku nke ígwè etiti Ọdịdị na petrochemical akụrụngwa corrosion.

A na-ekewa epoxy iron oxide red primer n'ime ite nke agba abụọ mejupụtara, akụrụngwa A (agba) nke resin epoxy, iron oxide red na ndị ọzọ na-egbochi pigmenti ndị na-eme ka ahụ sie ike, onye na-egbochi ịgba mmiri, wdg, akụrụngwa B bụ onye na-agwọ ọrịa. owuwu nke oke nke ntinye. Iron oxide acha ọbara ọbara bụ ụdị anụ ahụ na-egbochi nchara, ọdịdị ya kwụsiri ike, ike mkpuchi siri ike, ihe ndị dị mma, nwere ike rụọ ọrụ nchebe dị mma na ihe nkiri agba, nwere ezigbo ọrụ mgbochi. Epoxy iron oxide red primer na ígwè efere na elu oyi akwa nke epoxy agba nwere ezigbo adhesion, ngwa ngwa ihicha na ụlọ okpomọkụ, elu oyi akwa nke elu agba adịghị agba ọbara agba, ọzọ eji na ígwè pipelines, tankị, ígwè Ọdịdị anticorrosion oru ngo. , dị ka nchara primer.

4.2 etiti oyi akwa nke agba

Agba nke etiti bụ n'ozuzu epoxy mica na epoxy glass scale paint ma ọ bụ epoxy thick slurry paint. Epoxy mica agba bụ nke epoxy resin dị ka ihe ndabere site na ịgbakwunye mica iron oxide, microstructure nke mica iron oxide dị ka flaky mica, ọkpụrụkpụ ya bụ naanị micrometer ole na ole, na dayameta ya dị iri puku micrometers ruo otu narị micrometers. Ọ bụ elu okpomọkụ eguzogide, alkali eguzogide, acid eguzogide, na-abụghị egbu egbu, flake Ọdịdị nwere ike igbochi ọkara penetration, enwekwukwa mgbochi corrosion arụmọrụ, na ala shrinkage, elu roughness, bụ ihe magburu onwe n'etiti oyi akwa nke mgbochi corrosion agba. Agba nke iko Epoxy bụ epoxy resin dị ka ihe ndabere, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ iko na-agba agba dị ka mkpokọta, gbakwunyere ụdị mgbakwunye dị iche iche nke ụdị akwa mgbochi corrosion mejupụtara. Ọkpụrụkpụ iko iko bụ naanị 2 ruo 5 microns. Dị ka a na-ahazi akpịrịkpa n'ígwé n'elu na n'okpuru mkpuchi ahụ, a na-emepụta ihe nchebe pụrụ iche.

4.3 uwe elu

Enwere ike kewaa eserese ndị a na-eji maka topcoats na ọkwa atọ dịka ọnụ ahịa ha si dị:

(1) klas nkịtị bụ epoxy agba, chlorinated roba agba, chlorosulphonated polyethylene ya na na;

(2) Ọkara ọkwa bụ agba polyurethane;

(3) ọkwa dị elu bụ silicone-modified polyurethane paint, silicone-modified acrylic top coat, fluorine paint na na.

Epoxy agba mgbe ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, mkpuchi siri ike, adhesion siri ike, akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị elu, ọ na-eguzogide acid, alkali, nnu, nwere ike iguzogide ụdị mgbasa ozi kemịkalụ dị iche iche.

5. Nhọrọ nke agba anticorrosive kwesịrị ịtụle ọtụtụ isi ihe

5.1 Ekwesịrị ịtụle ngbanwe nke ọnọdụ nke iji ihe owuwu na ụdị agba ahọpụtara, dabere na usoro corrosive (ụdị, okpomọkụ na itinye uche) oge gas ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri, ebe ọkụ na iru mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe akọrọ na ndị ọzọ. ọnọdụ maka nhọrọ. Maka ọkara acidic, enwere ike iji agba resin phenolic nwere nguzogide acid ka mma, ebe maka ọkara alkaline, ekwesịrị iji agba epoxy resin nwere nguzogide alkali ka mma.

5.2 A ga-atụle ohere nke ọnọdụ ihe owuwu. Ụfọdụ na-adabara maka ịsa ahịhịa, ụfọdụ dabara maka ịgbasa, ụfọdụ dabara maka ihicha eke iji mepụta ihe nkiri na ihe ndị ọzọ. Maka ọnọdụ izugbe, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya iji akọrọ, dị mfe ịgbasa agba ntọala oyi.

5.3 Tụlee nkwekọ ziri ezi nke mkpuchi. Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime agba bụ organic colloidal ihe dị ka isi ihe, agba ọ bụla oyi akwa nke film, e nwere-apụghị izere ezere ọtụtụ Wezuga obere microporous, corrosive media ka nwere ike banye n'ime ozize nke ígwè. Ya mere, ihe owuwu nke agba ugbu a abụghị ihe mkpuchi otu oyi akwa, ma kpuchie multi-layer, nzube ya bụ iji belata microporous na opekempe. Kwesịrị inwe ezigbo mgbanwe n'etiti primer na topcoat. Dị ka vinyl chloride paint na phosphating primer ma ọ bụ ígwè red alkyd primer na-akwado iji ezigbo nsonaazụ, na enweghị ike iji mmanụ na-emepụta mmanụ (dị ka agba uhie na-acha uhie uhie) na-akwado iji ya. N'ihi na agba perchlorethylene nwere ihe mgbaze siri ike, ga-ebibi ihe nkiri primer.

Ọ dị oke mkpa ịrụ ọrụ dị mma na mgbochi na mgbochi iji kwalite mmepe nke ụlọ ihe owuwu ígwè, chekwaa ihe, ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ahụ, hụ na mmepụta ihe dị mma ma belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.